Characterization of Soil Quality Parameters in Sector 2 of Watari Irrigation Project, Kano

• Bala YAHAYA

  Author

This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of soils in Sector 2 of the Watari Irrigation Project, Kano State, Nigeria. The study was conducted to assess the effects of prolonged irrigation on soil quality. A total of 24 composite soil samples were collected from irrigated and non-irrigated fields at two depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm). Laboratory analyses assessed bulk density (BD), porosity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations. Historical (2013) and current (2025) soil data were compared to evaluate temporal changes in soil quality. Independent-samples t-tests and Ordinary Kriging interpolation were used to assess statistical differences and the spatial distribution of selected soil quality indicators. Results showed that irrigated soils had higher EC (2.6 dS/m), SAR (5.2), and pH (7.3-7.5) but lower OC (1.20%) and CEC (6.4 cmol/kg) than non-irrigated soils, indicating progressive salinity, sodicity, and declining soil fertility. Independent-samples t-tests revealed significant differences in SAR (p = 0.0187) and Mg (p = 0.0374), while CEC (p = 0.0509) showed a marginally significant decline. Kriging maps identified degradation hotspots in irrigated zones. The findings demonstrated that prolonged irrigation without appropriate soil and water management has contributed to progressive chemical degradation. Regular soil monitoring, improved drainage, and organic amendments are recommended to enhance soil quality and sustain agricultural productivity.

• 27_Yahaya (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Bala YAHAYA (Author)

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